Focus on Ferns: Why Some Thrive in Shade and Others Struggle
Ferns are popular in shade gardens because of their delicate, feathery leaves and ability to grow in low light. But have you ever noticed that while some ferns look lush and healthy, others seem weak or sickly? Understanding why this happens, how to grow more, and which ferns grow well together can help create a beautiful garden.
Why Some Ferns Do Well in Shade and Others Don’t
Not all ferns like the same amount of shade. Some ferns thrive in deep shade, while others need more light. The health of your ferns can depend on how much light they get, the type of soil they’re in, and how much water they receive.
1. Light Conditions
Different ferns need different amounts of light. For example, Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) do best in deep shade. If they get too much sun, they might look weak. Other ferns, like the Autumn Fern (Dryopteris erythrosora), can handle more light and do well in partial shade.
2. Soil Conditions
Ferns generally like rich, loamy soil that holds moisture but also drains well. If the soil is too sandy or heavy with clay, ferns might not get enough nutrients or water, making them look unhealthy.
3. Moisture Levels
Most ferns prefer soil that stays consistently moist. The ferns might wilt or turn yellow if the soil dries out too much. Some ferns, like the Cinnamon Fern (Osmunda cinnamomea), can tolerate wetter conditions, so they might struggle if the soil is too dry.
How to Grow More Ferns
Ferns can be grown in two main ways: by planting their spores or by dividing an existing fern. Growing ferns from spores can be tricky, but dividing ferns is much easier.
1. Growing Ferns from Spores
Ferns reproduce by releasing spores, tiny seeds that grow into new plants. The spores can be found on the undersides of the fern’s leaves.
Steps to Grow Ferns from Spores:
Collect Spores: Wait until the spores on the leaves turn brown. Gently shake or scrape them onto a piece of paper.
Prepare the Soil: Fill a shallow tray with peat and sand. Moisten the soil.
Sow the Spores: Sprinkle the spores over the soil. Cover the tray with clear plastic to keep the humidity high and place it in a warm, shaded spot.
Water Carefully: Mist the soil regularly to keep it moist. After a few weeks, tiny green plants will start to grow.
Transplanting: When the young ferns are big enough, carefully move them into their pots or plant them in the garden.
2. Dividing Ferns
Dividing ferns is the easiest way to grow more ferns. This involves splitting an existing fern into two or more parts, each with roots and leaves.
Steps to Divide Ferns:
Dig Up the Fern: Carefully dig up the fern, keeping the roots intact.
Split the Fern: Use a sharp knife to divide the fern into smaller sections.
Replant: Plant each section in a new garden or pot spot. Water them well.
Which Ferns Can Be Planted Together?
Ferns are great for combining with other shade-loving plants. Here are some good combinations and some plants to avoid:
1. Good Companion Plants for Ferns
Hostas: Hostas and ferns both like shade and moist soil. The big leaves of hostas look great next to the delicate fronds of ferns.
Astilbes: Astilbes have feathery flowers that add color to a fern garden. They like the same conditions as ferns.
Heucheras (Coral Bells): Heucheras bring color to the garden with their bright leaves. They grow well with ferns.
Bleeding Hearts (Dicentra spectabilis): Bleeding Hearts have heart-shaped flowers that look lovely with ferns.
2. Plants to Avoid with Ferns
Aggressive Spreaders: Plants like Lily of the Valley can take over a garden and crowd out your ferns.
Sun-Loving Plants: Plants like Lavender need more sun than ferns and might not grow well together.
Heavy Feeders: Plants like Roses need a lot of nutrients, which could leave your ferns lacking.
Conclusion: Growing Healthy Ferns in Your Garden
Ferns can be a beautiful addition to any shade garden if you understand their needs. By giving them the right amount of light, moisture, and good soil, you can help your ferns thrive. Whether you’re growing new ferns from spores or dividing an existing plant, choosing the right companion plants can create a lush, vibrant garden full of healthy ferns.
For more gardening tips, advice, and to connect with fellow shade gardeners, join our Facebook group here. Happy gardening! 🌿
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